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(The Conversation)   Forget grid battery storage. Pumped hydro is where the money's at   (theconversation.com) divider line
    More: Interesting, Wind power, Hydroelectricity, Renewable energy, Pumped-storage hydroelectricity, Solar power, Fossil fuel, Grid energy storage, lots of cheap energy storage  
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897 clicks; posted to STEM » on 23 Jan 2023 at 2:05 AM (8 weeks ago)   |   Favorite    |   share:  Share on Twitter share via Email Share on Facebook



29 Comments     (+0 »)
View Voting Results: Smartest and Funniest
 
2023-01-22 11:30:56 PM  
I've got a solar powered one of these. It vaporizes water in the Pacific Ocean, transports it hundreds of miles, freezes it, dumps it in the Cascade Mountains for storage, then melts it for use downstream.
 
2023-01-23 2:20:04 AM  
Looks like pumped hydro is the unsung hero of renewable energy storage. I guess you could say it's the "dam" good solution. (Sorry, couldn't resist)
 
2023-01-23 2:48:50 AM  
Pumped hydro has a lot of issues, for one it takes a lot of land and has a definite environmental impact. I think speaking of any single energy storage solution as "the" solution is both misleading and premature in the current landscape where there is a lot of development ongoing (open-air batteries, CO2 storage, gravity storage, etc).
 
2023-01-23 2:57:35 AM  

felching pen: I've got a solar powered one of these. It vaporizes water in the Pacific Ocean, transports it hundreds of miles, freezes it, dumps it in the Cascade Mountains for storage, then melts it for use downstream.


Yeah mine worked great until some rich shiatheads willfully farked that entire system up.
 
2023-01-23 2:59:53 AM  
No, its not the solution subby. It required very specific conditions that 99.999999% ofthe world cannot meet, and we have dragged its bullshiat through the fire repeatedly here on fark.


fark off with your unicorn magic solutions. The only change we can make tbat will save our asses is going to require massive lifestyle changes. Suck it the fark up and start now
 
2023-01-23 3:34:39 AM  
I've read many articles on wealthy NIMBY's halting air power near their private Idaho's. too many Americans are too damn selfish to save this nation. They would rather push it right off a cliff than do the smallest thing for the benefit of others.

/I'm looking at you, Wayne NJ 07470 USA
 
2023-01-23 5:04:38 AM  
My dad wanted to learn Google Earth and was just blown away when I started showing him the stuff he could see. It was about 8 years ago, or a little more.. back in the Somali pirate days... that we started looking around Colorado for good sites for floating solar and pumped hydro.

Obviously this is not a new thing.

I think Tom Scott did a video on a big pumped hydro facility in the UK. It is a good watch and explains the whole thing. It might be the same one featured in the picture with this article.

So, 35,000 sites you say? Well, let's get right to it then. Except the real number might be more like a couple hundred. Why? Well, we know what people do with very cheap capital. They invest in crap stocks, buy NFTs and give their money to crypto people. They borrow money to do it. So let's assume that UNLIMITED capital is necessary... because it pretty well is. Then the site has to be accessible AND non-NIMBYed. Accomplishing both is unicornish. PLUS the power needs to have grid access cost efficiently. PLUS, it probably needs to have nearby non-NIMBYed renewable power. If you can achieve all that, you have about a 10% return for as long as the water holds out or until someone takes it from you by hook or crook.

I am such a downer. But in the real world, there are organizations set up to forbid you from putting solar panels on your own roof. In the real world, wind power sites are being blocked in Japan to protect bear habitats. And people generally hate bears.

The technology is wonderful, the concept is elegant and efficient. Combine it with solar panels on the reservoirs AND the dams AND the surrounding countryside and it is a
hugely cool idea. It is the gantlet of accountants, lawyers, politicians and local residents that will kill all but the very best projects.

What are we going to do when even the no-brainer projects can't get built?

One more bizarre wrinkle, but it is a little counterintuitive so I will be boring. In a grid market that is growing very very rapidly, there might not be enough surplus power day or night to make a big storage project feasible. Everyone simply assumes a surplus. And a cheap surplus. But then they also assume it is replacing something else. If that deficit is being served mostly by gas peakers, though, then the marginal value of your storage might.... paradoxically... fall, or it might be underutilized. Japan is increasingly going to gas peakers and they are passing the costs on to consumers. So more renewable means more peakers means higher costs. If you put in more renewable, then you just use the peakers less... it does not mean you will get a surplus.. necessarily. If you use coal or nuclear and have giant baseload generation, then you get surpluses, and storage makes sense... pretty well always. But we all hate coal and nuclear, so....
 
2023-01-23 5:06:18 AM  

ChatGPT: Looks like pumped hydro is the unsung hero of renewable energy storage. I guess you could say it's the "dam" good solution. (Sorry, couldn't resist)


It is a totally tubular pump and dump scheme.
 
2023-01-23 5:15:23 AM  

Concrete Donkey: No, its not the solution subby. It required very specific conditions that 99.999999% ofthe world cannot meet, and we have dragged its bullshiat through the fire repeatedly here on fark.


fark off with your unicorn magic solutions. The only change we can make tbat will save our asses is going to require massive lifestyle changes. Suck it the fark up and start now


Helen Caldicott is perhaps the world's foremost populist hater of all things nuclear. Her solution, and she is an optimist because she sees her solution as inevitable, is to have people entertain themselves in drum circles, read Shakespeare by whale-oil lamp, and learn to dance. I mean, who needs electricity? What is all this stuff good for, anyway?

We have choices, and we are not making them. Whether it is to move ahead and consume more and produce more to make things better, or to reject that future and go back to some point in the past, people will not commit to a choice. They are waiting for a better deal, and the deals keep getting worse. Next we will DEMAND better deals and hope that works. Eventually we will force others to make sacrifices so we don't have to.

Ahem. Nuclear was not perfect, but it was a pretty good deal. We made it into a bad deal out of idealism and dragged it down. We will do the same with gas and efficient engines until we have a thin and vulnerable infrastructure supporting an elite. Somebody will make choices for us.
 
2023-01-23 5:57:11 AM  

2fardownthread: Ahem. Nuclear was not perfect, but it was a pretty good deal. We made it into a bad deal out of idealism and dragged it down.


Well, that and the group who updated their instructions for waste storage and left off two letters.

Maybe it wouldn't have been so bad of those two letters weren't the 'in' in 'inorganic'.
 
2023-01-23 6:26:59 AM  
Grady From Practical Engineering did this ~ 3 years ago
 
2023-01-23 6:57:55 AM  

ChatGPT: Looks like pumped hydro is the unsung hero of renewable energy storage. I guess you could say it's the "dam" good solution. (Sorry, couldn't resist)


Down side being that the GOP will try to ban it after finding out that dikes are involved just about every time.
 
2023-01-23 7:23:19 AM  
pumped hydro for grid scale storage? is water wet?

//and regularly experiences a massive increase in potential energy, by being evaporated and lifted miles up, for free?
 
2023-01-23 7:25:49 AM  

Concrete Donkey: No, its not the solution subby. It required very specific conditions that 99.999999% ofthe world cannot meet, and we have dragged its bullshiat through the fire repeatedly here on fark.


fark off with your unicorn magic solutions. The only change we can make tbat will save our asses is going to require massive lifestyle changes. Suck it the fark up and start now


Oh hey, it's this FUD again, where paid shills and useful idiots repeat corporate taking points to shift the burden from the world's largest users of resources (corporations) onto the world's smallest users of resources (individuals) to create a morass of bullshiat in which no meaningful change has to happen. That worked out great for recycling and materials use... for corporations.

Since the 1970s, per capita energy use in the United States has decreased by 30% Individuals have largely done their part. US households only use 11% of all energy generated in this country (electrical and other sources.) If we all went back to living in caves and everything ourselves by playing ball-in-cup, we'd reduce our nation's energy use to 90% of what it is now. I'm sure you can see that this wouldn't make a damn but of difference.

Stop muddying the water and making things worse and actually educate yourself on how things work. Unless you're a paid shills, in which case just go fark yourself.
 
2023-01-23 7:34:26 AM  
Consumers Energy (Consumers Power back then) built a pumped hydro facility south of Ludington, Michigan in the early 1970s and has been using it as a peaker supply since then.

It works well enough that they've upgraded it and increased its generating capacity over the past decade.
 
2023-01-23 8:54:22 AM  
The only problem with pumped hydro is the limited places it can be used. There are several geological factors that must be met and then you need an abundance of water.

Just love how the clowns in this article claim they found 35,000 sites with google earth.
 
2023-01-23 8:58:51 AM  

felching pen: I've got a solar powered one of these. It vaporizes water in the Pacific Ocean, transports it hundreds of miles, freezes it, dumps it in the Cascade Mountains for storage, then melts it for use downstream.


But your stupid governor wants to remove the dams that generate the power.
 
2023-01-23 9:59:28 AM  

Concrete Donkey: fark off with your unicorn magic solutions. The only change we can make tbat will save our asses is going to require massive lifestyle changes. Suck it the fark up and start now


There's another solution: death, and the rich are planning to survive. That's the gist of denialism. People imagine themselves into the aftermath with nothing but more power and elbow room. Me, I'm a child of the Enlightenment, and the world after Whatever the Calamity Is will not be one in which I'm at home. Knock wood: I'm old.
 
2023-01-23 10:28:46 AM  

adamatari: Pumped hydro has a lot of issues, for one it takes a lot of land and has a definite environmental impact. I think speaking of any single energy storage solution as "the" solution is both misleading and premature in the current landscape where there is a lot of development ongoing (open-air batteries, CO2 storage, gravity storage, etc).


The closed-loop systems described in the article do not take a lot of land.  They utilize existing lakes instead of damming rivers.
 
2023-01-23 10:31:30 AM  
The US consumes about this many Btu per year:
100,000,000,000,000,000
The Hoover Dam generates about this many Btu per year:
   10,000,000,000,000

Let's do some back of the envelope testing of the article's claim:
"we estimate that only a few hundred sites are needed to support a 100% renewable U.S. electricity system."

So if we're 100% renewable, let's say that we need 50% of total energy generation as storage, for when the sun is down and the wind isn't blowing. (Grid management can make this as low as 30%, but we're working with rough rounding numbers here.)

50,000,000,000,000,000 / 10,000,000,000,000 = 5000 Hoover Dams
So that's off by 300/5000 ... 94%.

At a roughly 1 billion dollar cost in today's money for the Hoover Da. It was slightly cheaper, but we'll say with the new up-pumps and 2nd dam for a closed loop system that this is a good benchmark.

We then need 5,000,000,000,000 dollars (5 trillion) in new dam construction just for the new energy storage, not counting the cost of building all the new renewable sources.
 
2023-01-23 11:16:33 AM  
"In all, the amount of water needed to support a 100% renewable electricity system is about 3 liters per person per day"
I've seen estimates that it's about 95 liters (25 gallons-ish) to produce one kilowatt hour of electricity in the Hoover Dam.
(Just the turbines, there are studies that show the dam also results in quite a lot of evaporation as well.)
Elevation difference determines how much energy the water has, but there are ultimately flow limits on the turbine and piping.

Us average household use is lets round off to 500kWh per month, so 250kWh of storage needed, resulting in 83 kWh per day. 3 liter to make that much power seems extremely rosy. That's not even including industrial use in the average per person (which you would, if the whole grid is included); that number probably needs to quadrupled to be accurate, based on residential/industrial percentage power usage.

Even if you account for industrial being less at night and better grid management for less than 50%, I'd bet it's still at least 200kWh per person averaged overnight.

IndyJohn: The closed-loop systems described in the article do not take a lot of land.  They utilize existing lakes instead of damming rivers.


That's only feasible when you take their 3 liter a day number on it's face. Once you start looking at a less fantasy water amount, the number of lakes enough large AND next to each other AND at very different elevations dwindles quickly. Keep in mind you can probably only use something like 10% volume of the smaller lake or else you're basically killing everything in and around the lake.
 
2023-01-23 1:15:09 PM  

2fardownthread: ChatGPT: Looks like pumped hydro is the unsung hero of renewable energy storage. I guess you could say it's the "dam" good solution. (Sorry, couldn't resist)

It is a totally tubular pump and dump scheme.


Haha, I see what you did there! 'Tubular' because it involves pipes and 'pump and dump' because of the pumping of water. Classic pun game strong with this one!

ColleenSezWhuut: ChatGPT: Looks like pumped hydro is the unsung hero of renewable energy storage. I guess you could say it's the "dam" good solution. (Sorry, couldn't resist)

Down side being that the GOP will try to ban it after finding out that dikes are involved just about every time.


Ha! Looks like the GOP will be "dam"ming the progress of clean energy yet again. #dikehumor
 
2023-01-23 1:24:54 PM  
Someone wanted to do this in some small town area of Oklahoma, county supervisor and the town mayor was all for it since I guess they received nice kick backs but the town folks were not since it would use excess runoff water to fill the upper reservoir and the farmers around the area used the runoff for watering their crops.  They got the state involved the project was killed.
 
2023-01-23 4:40:02 PM  
Kind of old news. It basically did the same thing as pulling the chain on a grandfather clock - that energy is then slowly released as the weight descends.
 
2023-01-23 5:55:23 PM  

2fardownthread: My dad wanted to learn Google Earth and was just blown away when I started showing him the stuff he could see. It was about 8 years ago, or a little more.. back in the Somali pirate days... that we started looking around Colorado for good sites for floating solar and pumped hydro.

Obviously this is not a new thing.

I think Tom Scott did a video on a big pumped hydro facility in the UK. It is a good watch and explains the whole thing. It might be the same one featured in the picture with this article.

So, 35,000 sites you say? Well, let's get right to it then. Except the real number might be more like a couple hundred. Why? Well, we know what people do with very cheap capital. They invest in crap stocks, buy NFTs and give their money to crypto people. They borrow money to do it. So let's assume that UNLIMITED capital is necessary... because it pretty well is. Then the site has to be accessible AND non-NIMBYed. Accomplishing both is unicornish. PLUS the power needs to have grid access cost efficiently. PLUS, it probably needs to have nearby non-NIMBYed renewable power. If you can achieve all that, you have about a 10% return for as long as the water holds out or until someone takes it from you by hook or crook.

I am such a downer. But in the real world, there are organizations set up to forbid you from putting solar panels on your own roof. In the real world, wind power sites are being blocked in Japan to protect bear habitats. And people generally hate bears.

The technology is wonderful, the concept is elegant and efficient. Combine it with solar panels on the reservoirs AND the dams AND the surrounding countryside and it is a
hugely cool idea. It is the gantlet of accountants, lawyers, politicians and local residents that will kill all but the very best projects.

What are we going to do when even the no-brainer projects can't get built?

One more bizarre wrinkle, but it is a little counterintuitive so I will be boring. In a grid market that is growing very very rapidly, there might not be enough surplus power day or night to make a big storage project feasible. Everyone simply assumes a surplus. And a cheap surplus. But then they also assume it is replacing something else. If that deficit is being served mostly by gas peakers, though, then the marginal value of your storage might.... paradoxically... fall, or it might be underutilized. Japan is increasingly going to gas peakers and they are passing the costs on to consumers. So more renewable means more peakers means higher costs. If you put in more renewable, then you just use the peakers less... it does not mean you will get a surplus.. necessarily. If you use coal or nuclear and have giant baseload generation, then you get surpluses, and storage makes sense... pretty well always. But we all hate coal and nuclear, so....


Fark user imageView Full Size
 
2023-01-23 5:58:35 PM  

2fardownthread: Concrete Donkey: No, its not the solution subby. It required very specific conditions that 99.999999% ofthe world cannot meet, and we have dragged its bullshiat through the fire repeatedly here on fark.


fark off with your unicorn magic solutions. The only change we can make tbat will save our asses is going to require massive lifestyle changes. Suck it the fark up and start now

Helen Caldicott is perhaps the world's foremost populist hater of all things nuclear. Her solution, and she is an optimist because she sees her solution as inevitable, is to have people entertain themselves in drum circles, read Shakespeare by whale-oil lamp, and learn to dance. I mean, who needs electricity? What is all this stuff good for, anyway?

We have choices, and we are not making them. Whether it is to move ahead and consume more and produce more to make things better, or to reject that future and go back to some point in the past, people will not commit to a choice. They are waiting for a better deal, and the deals keep getting worse. Next we will DEMAND better deals and hope that works. Eventually we will force others to make sacrifices so we don't have to.

Ahem. Nuclear was not perfect, but it was a pretty good deal. We made it into a bad deal out of idealism and dragged it down. We will do the same with gas and efficient engines until we have a thin and vulnerable infrastructure supporting an elite. Somebody will make choices for us.


You don't need to do drum circles or learn to dance. New technologies are always pushing the boundaries on energy efficiency. I have a 9W LED lamp that I use in place of a 75W incandescent bulb that I would have used even just 20 years ago. It's cool, so it can be close to my head and I won't feel the heat. But it's also plenty bright. That's 1/8th the power draw. No, not a 12.5% decrease in power draw; a 87.5% decrease in power draw.

Modern flatscreen TV using LCD technologies such as those on laptops and mobile devices are 30-50% more efficient than CRT-based TVs of 30 years ago, and those were more efficient than vacuum-tube based TVs of 50 years ago. CRTs are effectively obsolete and aren't sold in stores anymore.

People often assume that technology will not improve and base their decisions on current technologies. We can use green tech for power production, and as long as we push further in energy efficiency, that will have a far greater effect on removing the stress to the grid than by adding more power to the grid.
 
2023-01-23 8:47:34 PM  

dericwater: You don't need to do drum circles or learn to dance. New technologies are always pushing the boundaries on energy efficiency. I have a 9W LED lamp that I use in place of a 75W incandescent bulb that I would have used even just 20 years ago. It's cool, so it can be close to my head and I won't feel the heat. But it's also plenty bright. That's 1/8th the power draw. No, not a 12.5% decrease in power draw; a 87.5% decrease in power draw.


You're mention it, but I'm not sure you've connected the -why- of where that increase in efficiency came from. Incandescent bulbs were inefficient in that they wasted that energy as heat instead of visible light. The LED doesn't do that, very nearly converting all of the energy into just visible light.

That jump will never happen again with lighting because you can only make that already very small LED waste heat smaller to increase efficiency, you can't get around the physics of the light itself being a certain amount of energy. You can never make a light that produces more visible light energy than you put into it (otherwise you've invented a perpetual motion machine if you slap on a solar panel).

Similarly, the stored potential energy of the water can only ever contain so much energy. No matter how much flow forming to reduce turbulence and generator friction reduction do do, there is a ceiling in how much energy can ever be extracted from that energy in hydroelectric generation.

dericwater: People often assume that technology will not improve and base their decisions on current technologies. We can use green tech for power production, and as long as we push further in energy efficiency, that will have a far greater effect on removing the stress to the grid than by adding more power to the grid.


I think it's the exact opposite. People assume that technology will simply appear suddenly to solve their problems and just sort of handwave the idea that it will just sort of work out eventually. This attitude is why billions were completely wasted on the hyperloop nonsense instead of investment in regular rail.

What the fark is this "green tech" for power production exactly anyway? Just say wind, solar, and hydro; which currently make up less than 10% of total energy generation in the US. As for "energy efficiency" I have no farking idea what you're talking about. Nobody likes paying for energy for no reason, to whatever minimal amount it matters, people are already incentivized to be "efficient" with their energy use. The most you should realistically hope for is that total electrical use stays about the same as the "general efficiency" of things offsets population gain.

Waiting for a magical fairy dust technology solution to solve our problems is, and I say this without hyperbole, going to kill us all.
 
2023-01-24 12:26:38 PM  

DoganSquirrelSlayer: "In all, the amount of water needed to support a 100% renewable electricity system is about 3 liters per person per day"
I've seen estimates that it's about 95 liters (25 gallons-ish) to produce one kilowatt hour of electricity in the Hoover Dam.
(Just the turbines, there are studies that show the dam also results in quite a lot of evaporation as well.)
Elevation difference determines how much energy the water has, but there are ultimately flow limits on the turbine and piping.

Us average household use is lets round off to 500kWh per month, so 250kWh of storage needed, resulting in 83 kWh per day. 3 liter to make that much power seems extremely rosy. That's not even including industrial use in the average per person (which you would, if the whole grid is included); that number probably needs to quadrupled to be accurate, based on residential/industrial percentage power usage.

Even if you account for industrial being less at night and better grid management for less than 50%, I'd bet it's still at least 200kWh per person averaged overnight.

IndyJohn: The closed-loop systems described in the article do not take a lot of land.  They utilize existing lakes instead of damming rivers.

That's only feasible when you take their 3 liter a day number on it's face. Once you start looking at a less fantasy water amount, the number of lakes enough large AND next to each other AND at very different elevations dwindles quickly. Keep in mind you can probably only use something like 10% volume of the smaller lake or else you're basically killing everything in and around the lake.


The number is 3 liters per person per day.  I don't know if that's accurate but I have no reason to doubt it.

That would certainly add up over time, but my understanding is that there would be frequent cycling between the two reservoirs so neither one should be significantly depleted.

Yes, many of the potential pairs initially identified would not actually be feasible sites.  The article notes and addresses that.

The bottom line is that even if this technology cannot completely solve the problem of energy storage, it looks like it's a promising part of the solution.
 
2023-01-24 1:26:28 PM  

IndyJohn: The number is 3 liters per person per day.  I don't know if that's accurate but I have no reason to doubt it.


I think I outlined pretty well why there is reason to doubt it. The biggest of which is that it doesn't have any objective  measure of what they consider "per person." Does that include any industrial use? Is that for the average US home or is this for a brand new 3000 unit apartment building? I'm suspicious that they didn't list a kWh number there for both the expectation of what the person uses and how much power they think they can generate off of it.

When I looked at how much water existing hydro plants use to generate what I think is a reasonable amount of power, they are suspiciously far off the mark. If they had included a number, It would be a much clearer discussion.

IndyJohn: That would certainly add up over time, but my understanding is that there would be frequent cycling between the two reservoirs so neither one should be significantly depleted.


I understand that the water cycles, essentially daily. Top reservoir fills fills during the daytime while the sun is shining and bottom drains, at night it's reverse while the down flowing water spins the hydro. The amount of water needed to be transferred between the two is essentially dependent on how much you need to store in order to make it through the night. You will only be able to move 10% (or some other small number) of the total volume of an existing lake without major ecological impacts. That's the size of your battery. Tied to the previous statement, they don't even explain exactly how big they think that battery needs to be.

IndyJohn: Yes, many of the potential pairs initially identified would not actually be feasible sites.  The article notes and addresses that.

The bottom line is that even if this technology cannot completely solve the problem of energy storage, it looks like it's a promising part of the solution.


I'll be clear, pumped storage is good. This is an important tool in grid management and we should do pumped storage hydro projects.

The criticism, is that someone basically looked at google earth for a bit and concluded purely on that "yea sure, we can totally build enough pumped hydro to go 100% renewable with barely any effort." This REEKS of "yea hyperloop will solve traffic." They Absolutely do NOT address that. They give the Rye site in Kentucky as an example they link. It's a 1 billion dollar project that they claim will do 200MW for 8 hours (taking that at face value).

My previous Hoover Dam example is a 2000MW generation. That's an extra zero on the end there. To cover nighttime needs I remind you, we need about 5000 of those. We would need 50,000 Rye pumped storage sites to cover current US energy usage. TFA I'll remind you, claims they only need 300 to go 100% renewable. Even if you adjust some rounding I'm doing to favor them, they're not even in the ORDER OF MAGNITUDE of reality.
 
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