There is no such thing as de-evolution. From Wikipedia:

Devolution, de-evolution, or backward evolution is the notion that a species can change into a more "primitive" form. Biologically, the term is a misnomer for that concept because evolution has neither a teleological direction nor a motive, so it is difficult to speak meaningfully of its "reverse" at all. In simple terms, anything resembling "devolution" in that sense amounts to evolution of organisms into simpler forms. That confusion is based on two conceptual errors: the idea that evolution is supposed to make species more "advanced", as opposed to "primitive"; and the idea that some modern species that have lost functions or complexity accordingly must be degenerate forms of their ancestors.

These ideas are meaningless in terms of modern evolutionary theory, which deals with genetic adaptation of populations, as a result of natural selection of forms best suited to their environment. Selection depends in essence, not on systematic teleological increase of complexity, but on increased effectiveness of exploitation of resources for increased reproductive success. That process commonly might lead to more elaborate features or complexity, but if the maintenance of complex features incurs costs greater than any advantages those features confer, selection tends to lead to their loss. Thus for cave dwelling animals the loss of eyes arises because it is an advantage; to refer to it as degeneracy is meaningless in Darwinistic terms, however repugnant such a loss might seem to humans who value their eyes.

/in other words, you shouldn't try to learn evolutionary biology from mediocre rock bands that wear goofy red plastic hats

Finding the Conclusion. For this there are a couple of good tricks. First, look for the conclusion in the most likely places. Conclusions don't typically show up just anywhere in an argument. Considerations of order and conversational structure usually stick the conclusion either (i) at or near the beginning of the argument, or else (ii) at or near the end of the argument. This isn't 100% guaranteed - we'll see some weird little arguments where the conclusion is wedged between two premises - but it's still a pretty reliable rule of thumb.

Consider Argument (2) yet again:
(2)
I loaned you $10 last Friday.
I loaned you $10 more last Saturday.
You haven't paid any of it back.
--------------------------------------------
So, you owe me $20.
Notice how the conclusion comes at the end of the passage? A likely place for a conclusion.

I could have made a variation on (2) instead:
(2B)

You owe me $20. After all, I loaned you $10 last Friday; I loaned you $10 more on Saturday; and you haven't paid any of it back.

Here I didn't carve it up for you, with a little line and all. It's still pretty clear, though, that the conclusion of (2B) is "You owe me $20," just like in (2). But now the conclusion comes at the beginning of the passage - another likely place for a conclusion.

And there's an even better second clue for finding the conclusion of an argument: conclusions often get marked as conclusions by special words and phrases whose only purpose in life is to point out what the conclusion is. For obvious reasons, I call such words and phrases conclusion markers. In (2), the conclusion sentence started with the word "so". "So" is a classic conclusion marker: it's only there to point out that what follows is the conclusion. Conclusion markers are just a convenience - they don't add anything new to the conclusion, and we can get by without them. (In (2B), for instance, the conclusion sentence didn't have "so," or any other conclusion marker; still, we could figure out what the conclusion was.)

Here is a list of some favorite conclusion markers:

Conclusion Markers:
• Therefore
• Thus
• So
• Hence
• Consequently
• In conclusion
• We conclude (that)
• It follows (that)
• Shows (that)
• Proves (that)
• Indicates (that)
• Demonstrates (that)
• For these reasons, we see (that)
• Modal Phrases (must, have to)

Any of these would provide natural variations on the conclusion in (2): I could have said "Therefore, you owe me $20," "Thus, you owe me $20," "Hence, you owe me $20," and so on.

Andycadd: neurothing: douchebag/hater: Airplanes work because - at speed - the wing design causes there to be less pressuare over the top of the wing than underneath it thus giving the wing 'lift'.

That's only at subsonic speeds. At supersonic speeds, the pressure from below the wing contributes an equal amount of lift as the low pressure region above. At hypersonic speeds, the primary lifting force is the pressure from below.

/former NASA hypersonics intern

high pressure and low pressure are relative terms (relative to each other) the pressure differential vector ie (low pressure above) is the description from the original post and is correct. The "former NASA hypersonics intern" did not say anything that made sense.

The original post description is correct for subsonic flight, as I stated. High and low pressure refer to gradients above and below the airfoil. The difference in lift based on light speed is based on relative atmospheric density where those types of flight are possible without damage to the leading edge using normal construction materials (at least at the time I was drilled in this).

I May Be Crazy But...: Crazy Talk Al: I May Be Crazy But...: A_Listless_Wanderer: The universe and everything in it (including me) do not really exist. Only my thoughts exist. You are nothing but a random image within my thoughts. My thoughts are all that are and all that ever will be.

None of you exist and I am a toaster.

Would you bend over so that I may stick this strudel in you?

Are you really going to want it back?

Um, oh. Uh... y'know, I never really think that far ahead. But, uh... yeah, sure. I'll take it back. What the hell.

When water vapor condenses, latent heat is released.

Alassra: All I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be I learned in kindergarten. Wisdom was not at the top of the graduate school mountain, but there in the sand pile at school.
These are the things I learned:

Share everything.
Play fair.
Don't hit people.
Put things back where you found them.
Clean up your own mess.
Don't take things that aren't yours.
Say you're sorry when you hurt somebody.
Wash your hands before you eat.
Flush.
Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you.
Live a balanced life - learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work every day some.
Take a nap every afternoon.
When you go out in the world, watch out for traffic, hold hands and stick together.
Be aware of wonder. Remember the little seed in the Styrofoam cup: the roots go down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or why, but we are all like that.
Goldfish and hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the Styrofoam cup - they all die. So do we.
And then remember the Dick-and-Jane books and the first word you learned - the biggest word of all - LOOK.

Everything you need to know is in there somewhere. The Golden Rule and love and basic sanitation. Ecology and politics and equality and sane living.

Take any one of those items and extrapolate it into sophisticated adult terms and apply it to your family life or your work or government or your world and it holds true and clear and firm. Think what a better world it would be if we all - the whole world - had cookies and milk at about 3 o'clock in the afternoon and then lay down with our blankies for a nap. Or if all governments had as a basic policy to always put things back where they found them and to clean up their own mess.

And it is still true, no matter how old you are, when you go out in the world, it is best to hold hands and stick together.

You missed a couple.

Big mean assholes always get what they want.

Pretty girls in dresses are usually biatches.

You're a piece of shiat if you have no money.

Dr Horrible makes the assumption/error ingrained within our limited existence, that time is linear is the axiom most of us agree too. That the direction vector extends towards higher number years is the rub, if Dr horrible existed in reverse, where his time vector pointed towards lower number years, then evolution would be the abnormal and all species would seem to "devolve".

Many belief systems postulate, indirectly, a closed loop system where our existence is the only, there is no past or future, only now, that probabilities drive the perceived progress of time and that we collectively imagine new and more.

Dr. Horrible: There is no such thing as de-evolution. From Wikipedia:

Devolution, de-evolution, or backward evolution is the notion that a species can change into a more "primitive" form. Biologically, the term is a misnomer for that concept because evolution has neither a teleological direction nor a motive, so it is difficult to speak meaningfully of its "reverse" at all. In simple terms, anything resembling "devolution" in that sense amounts to evolution of organisms into simpler forms. That confusion is based on two conceptual errors: the idea that evolution is supposed to make species more "advanced", as opposed to "primitive"; and the idea that some modern species that have lost functions or complexity accordingly must be degenerate forms of their ancestors.

These ideas are meaningless in terms of modern evolutionary theory, which deals with genetic adaptation of populations, as a result of natural selection of forms best suited to their environment. Selection depends in essence, not on systematic teleological increase of complexity, but on increased effectiveness of exploitation of resources for increased reproductive success. That process commonly might lead to more elaborate features or complexity, but if the maintenance of complex features incurs costs greater than any advantages those features confer, selection tends to lead to their loss. Thus for cave dwelling animals the loss of eyes arises because it is an advantage; to refer to it as degeneracy is meaningless in Darwinistic terms, however repugnant such a loss might seem to humans who value their eyes.

/in other words, you shouldn't try to learn evolutionary biology from mediocre rock bands that wear goofy red plastic hats

Jerkwater: The Infield Fly Rule states that in any case where there are runners on first and second base (including situations where bases are loaded) and fewer than two outs, if a batter hits a fly ball routinely playable by an infielder on the opposing team, said batter is immediately called out, regardless of whether the ball is caught or not.

The rule is actually to the benefit of the hitting team (even though they receive the automatic out). Without this rule, an opposing infielder would know that all base runners would remain on their base to avoid being doubled-off (the ball is caught and then thrown to the base they vacated for a double-play). Said infielder could simply let the ball drop, creating a situation where all runners are forced to the next base (but have made no progress), thereby setting up an easy double- or triple-play.

Thank you. That made my day.

FrancoFile: The reason that clocks run clockwise is that the sundial was invented in the Northern Hemisphere. Sundials in the northern hemisphere run clockwise; sundials in the southern hemisphere run counterclockwise.

Also rather awesome.

sniklacg: Monster cables are a waste of money. No matter what the salesman tells you V=IR is still true and the special twisting of the wire won't make a bit of difference.

I always wince when I see monster cables on a home stereo.

The Southern Dandy: You are Borg: Food goes in, poop comes out.

[www.blogcdn.com image 294x240]

Hehehe yeah that's what I was thinking too.


I'm going to Cuba in 2 days, lots of food and booze is going in, diarrhea is coming out.

About 95% of the vulture population of India and Nepal have died in the last 10 years because of a cheap veterinary drug called Diclofenac.

This has had the effect of causing a *huge* population explosion among feral dogs, a massive increase in the number of rabies and other mammal diseases incidents, the decimation of some small mammal species, and an increase in the number of feral pack attacks on humans and livestock. It's estimated that up to 50,000 feral dog attacks in India and Nepal can be attributed to this in the last decade.

Diclofenac is a cheap anti-inflammatory drug used on cattle and water buffalo that happens to cause renal failure in birds. If the animal dies within a week of being dosed with Diclofenac it will still have enough of the drug in it's system to kill any scavenger bird that feeds off of it's carcass.

Of course, there's never one single bird feeding off of a carcass... A hundred or more birds might feast on one water buffalo. And all of them will be dead within days.

With the vulture population nearly destroyed, the scavenger niche has been filled by dogs. The resultant population boom among canines has led to roving packs. Vultures don't bother anything living. Dogs, however, carry diseases that affect humans and they tend to create roving packs that will attack children and livestock if there's nothing to scavenge.

There are alternative drugs to Diclofenac that don't have the same issues, but they're (so far) more expensive, and so the invisible hand pushes the Diclofenac. There are groups trying to help educate farmers and subsidize the cost difference, such as this one.

This isn't the sort of thing that would get a lot of attention... Everyone wants to support homes for cute puppies, but who cares about an unsupportable population explosion of feral dogs? And vultures aren't cute at all, so screw them. But they are a rather important part of the ecosystem.

This is a teenager. It is not actually a wild animal or a gangster. It is a human being. Now be nice.

/I should not have to explain this.

The most basic nuclear weapon essentially consists of smashing two radioactive rocks together really hard.

The more advanced weapons take those rocks and squeeze them really hard.

Then there is that quote from a tshirt "I can explain it to you but I can't UNDERSTAND it for you"

Warhammer 40,000's space fantasy setting spans a vast fictional universe set 38 millennia into the future. Its various factions and races include the Imperium of Man, a decentralized yet totalitarian interstellar empire that has ruled the vast majority of humanity for millennia, the Orks (similar to Warhammer Fantasy Orcs), and the Eldar (similar to Elves in Warhammer Fantasy Battle), and Daemons (very similar in both universes, although the precise natures of their creation and existence vary slightly), among others. The background and playing rules of each faction are covered in the game's rule books and supplemental army 'codexes', along with articles in the Games Workshop magazines, White Dwarf and Imperial Armour. The game's miniatures are produced by Citadel Miniatures and Forge World.

The Warhammer 40,000 setting is used for several tabletop games, video games, and works of fiction, including licensed works published by Black Library, a subsidiary of Games Workshop.

sniklacg: Monster cables are a waste of money. No matter what the salesman tells you V=IR is still true and the special twisting of the wire won't make a bit of difference.

It's not as simple as V=IR. Some of the things Monster does to their cables do have some validity in theory, but no discernible effect in reality. For example, balanced twisted pairs do reduce cross talk and attenuation and that's why they're used in telecommunications, but what's the likelihood that your speaker wires are going to be run near other conductors carrying signals with frequencies in the audible range (~20-20k Hz)? Also, the savings in attenuation is negligible and would be easily overcome by your amp anyway.

It's just like with their gold connecters...sure gold is a better conductor than steel, but the benefit is not even perceptible to the human ear.

Monster cables are for dimwitted people who like to waste money to show others that they can afford to waste money.

On any subject, if you cannot explain it to a reasonably bright 6-year-old child then you probably do not understand that subject yourself.

Rhode Island is not an island. The actual name of the state is "Rhode Island and Providence Plantations". The cities of Newport, Portsmouth, and Middletown are located on "Rhode Island" which was originally named for the Greek island of the same name, and is more commonly known today as "Aquidneck Island". The rest of the state is located on the mainland, save for a few sparsely populated islands elsewhere. Three bridges connect Aquidneck Island to the mainland.

I visit Fark to stay abreast of the latest news and to engage in debate on the news with a wide variety of people from many different backgrounds. Lately, I've noticed a prevalence of links/threads that have absolutely no value. This is among them. So, like with businesses exhibiting questionable practices, I will not support these links by clicking on them. I, The First Four Black Sabbath Albums, am officially boycotting greenlit TFD threads and other junk links. Don't cry: I will find some way to move on.

/click the "Funny" button above to join me!

Everything is 50/50. Either it is named Bob or it not named Bob.

Well if you really want to know, I'll just post a video link instead:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZTikdxj8AI

Enjoy.

/that's my parent company showcasing some modified systems with my work in it.

Newfies and Cape Bretoners cannot pronounce the 'th' sound (the, they, three). Words where the vowels make an a sound (they, there) the 'th' becomes a 'd' sound. Words like three, only the 't' sound is present.

Example:

Non East Coaster Canadian - Can I have three shots of whiskey brought over there barkeep?

Newfie / Cape Bretoner - Can I have tree shots of whiskey brought over dere barkeep?

It's a priest thing. You wouldn't understand.

JFK CHALLENGE:



/no, srsly
//htf is that possible?

Most folks know all about 9/11. Very few know about a possible assassination attempt against the president on the morning of 9/11 when he was in Sarasota, FL.

Per the Longboat Observer (a local Sarasota area newspaper), which literally covers the waterfront in upscale Longboat Key, where Bush spent the night before the attack:

" 'At about 6 a.m. September 11, Longboat Key Fire Marshall Carroll Mooneyhan was at the front desk of the Colony Beach & Tennis Resort as Bush prepared for his morning jog. From that vantage point, Mooneyhan overheard a strange exchange between a Colony receptionist and security guard,' the paper reported. 'A van occupied by men of Middle Eastern descent had pulled up to the Colony stating they had a 'poolside' interview with the president, Mooneyhan said.'

"Zainlabdeen Omer, a Middle Eastern native residing in Sarasota, contacted Sarasota police in the middle of the night to tell them a friend of his, who had made violent threats against President Bush in the past, had just shown up, and unexpectedly, in Sarasota, ABC's Yadov reported. The man who Omer warned authorities about was identified in the Sarasota police report of the incident only as 'Ghandi.' Omer said 'Ghandi' told him he was in town to get a friend out of jail ... But Omer had heard 'Ghandi' make violent remarks about Bush in the past, and since the President was in Sarasota at the same time, Omer feared his friend might be in Sarasota to kill the President. 'The warning was initially given to the Sarasota police, who called in the Secret Service. Within hours Secret Service agents were searching an apartment in Sarasota. Turns out, Omer was right. They arrested three men, all from the Sudan, and took them in for interrogation.'

The questioning lasted, according to one of the three, Fathel Rahman Omer, for ten hours. 'The police came and arrested me and three other people,' Fathel Rahman explained in the ABC interview. Rahman said he couldn't help the Secret Service. "... Moving quickly, the Secret Service next swooped down on a local beauty supply store, whose owner had been fingered by Omer as being a close associate of 'Ghandi.'... Agents detained and questioned the owner of the beauty supply store, a Muslim named Hakim. Hakim, too, had disturbing information for the Secret Service about Ghandi, reported Yadov. 'He told agents Ghandi was a member of the SPLA, or Sudanese People's Liberation Army, a Christian guerilla group fighting the fundamentalist Muslim government in Sudan. "... Maybe they had been receiving covert training in the swamps, which is a southwest Florida tradition. Bay of Pigs invaders stormed the beaches here practicing for Cuba, a local Sheriff told us." And why would operatives of a guerilla organization fighting against a government of Islamic fundamentalists closely allied with Osama bin Laden want to assassinate, of all people, George W. Bush? It didn't make sense.

Until reporter Yadov went looking for Hakim, the owner of the raided beauty supply store, and discovered that Hakim's beauty supply store wasn't there anymore. Hakim was missing, too. He left in something of a hurry after being released by the Secret Service, Yadov learned. Gone. No one knew where. And Hakim wasn't the only witness to disappear in Sarasota. Zainelabdeen Omer was missing too. The man whose warning of imminent havoc had been right on the money was now unavailable for comment. He quit his job and left town, just ahead of reporter's questions."

jadeblue: [also.kottke.org image 420x500]
[also.kottke.org image 420x500]
[also.kottke.org image 420x500]

Is that a modified wooden toilet paper holder? Wow, Just Wow.

He who laughs last usually doesn't get the joke

A typical triode (three element) thermionic valve contains heater filaments, cathode, control grid, and anode inside an evacuated metal or glass envelope. The cathode is coated with a special compound that, when negatively charged and heated by the filaments, causes electrons to "boil" off its surface. The anode plate has a high positive voltage applied, which attracts these free electrons to it. The control grid is placed between the two.

A negative change in voltage on this grid results in less electrons reaching the anode, and a positive change in voltage results in more electrons reaching the anode. When a small alternating current is applied to the control grid, an alternating current of higher power, but identical frequency, 180 degrees out of phase, appears on the anode.

This effect, a low-power current resulting in a high-power current, is amplification.

Lando Lincoln: You need to get out of the home brewing stone age. Back in the day when yeast was sketchy at best it was a good idea to secondary everything. Nowadays the risk of autolysis is very small.

Really? Cites? I dunno. Maybe for fast/modest beers, but I have secondaries that, sometimes, sit for months (both because occasionally I just don't have keg room or they're huge stouts that benefit from time).

But, you've presented an interesting hypothesis. Now to decide if it's worth the hassle / expense of running a double batch, aging using both methods and blind ABX tasting.... Might be. Moving to secondaries is a hassle... hmmmm.

Lando Lincoln: And kegerators are lame compared to keezers.

Disagree.

If you don't have the space / location for a fridge, or want to make a temporary / portable option or something, sure -- go for a keezer. But if you have the space for a fridge, opting for a kegerator also gives you extra freezer storage space, and about a door's worth (minus CO2 bottle) of refrigerated space, maybe more. Yeah, it's kind of a hassle to wrestle one of the kegs out from the back row, but you still get 6 kegs, and now you have a place to store more frozen stuff.

Further, if you're broke, it may be important that you can usually snag an old fridge off Craigslist or Freecycle for nothing. New freezers are cheap, but they aren't free, and I've yet to see an "working freezer - you haul, you can have" ad. And then ya' have to add an external temperature controller.

Finally, depending on your climate, you can have trouble with moisture accumulation in keezer that a fridge handles automatically.

Nope, keezers are a viable alternative, but I wouldn't say kegerators are lame in comparison.

But we can all agree that bottling sucks.

/ this thread has been oddly interesting....

willyfreddy: JFK CHALLENGE:

[img543.imageshack.us image 400x400]

/no, srsly
//htf is that possible?


Zapruder was a communist agent!

Net censorship and extreme copyright laws will kill websites like Fark, Youtube, and others! There would be no more internet memes made out of video clips and images from various shows or video games. The idea of "Fair Use" would be bastardized.

Fight internet censorship!

http://americancensorship.org/

The Southern Dandy: sniklacg: Monster cables are a waste of money. No matter what the salesman tells you V=IR is still true and the special twisting of the wire won't make a bit of difference.

It's not as simple as V=IR. Some of the things Monster does to their cables do have some validity in theory, but no discernible effect in reality. For example, balanced twisted pairs do reduce cross talk and attenuation and that's why they're used in telecommunications, but what's the likelihood that your speaker wires are going to be run near other conductors carrying signals with frequencies in the audible range (~20-20k Hz)? Also, the savings in attenuation is negligible and would be easily overcome by your amp anyway.

It's just like with their gold connecters...sure gold is a better conductor than steel, but the benefit is not even perceptible to the human ear.

Monster cables are for dimwitted people who like to waste money to show others that they can afford to waste money.

CSB Alert:
About 20 years ago my director (I'm a software engineer) was telling me about the home theater he was having installed. He said that the installation company was making sure that each of the speaker cables was cut to the exact same length (front and rear) so that the signal pathway was the same for each of the speakers. Also they were using expensive cable. It was then that I realized that my technical manager was an idiot.

Metal: When water vapor condenses, latent heat is released.

Closest thing to my field of study (meteorology) I have seen on here (although I pretty much control-F'ed the thread)

My contribution: "Warm air rises" is only true in the framework of constant pressure. That explains the apparent contradiction with the fact that it's colder at jet-flight level (pressure around 300 hPa) than at the surface (pressure around 1000 hPa)

1 = 0.99999... (repeating forever)

a proof:
1 / 3 = 0.33333...
3 x (1 / 3) = 3 x 0.33333...
3 / 3 = 0.99999...
3 / 3 = 1 = 0.99999...

It is a quirk of decimal representation.

la_cyberchicana: Always wash bloodstained clothing in cold water. Because blood is protein-based, heat will set it into the fibers so the stain becomes permanent. For best results, rinse the garment thoroughly in cold water, then create a salt paste by pouring table salt on the stain and rubbing it into the stain with your fingers. The salt grains will abrade and dehydrate the stain. Then rinse with more cold water. You should do this as soon as possible after the fabric has become stained; waiting until the blood dries will have less positive results.

Alternately, put straight hydrogen peroxide on any semi-fresh blood stain. It removes it almost immediately. We did this in our vet clinic and it always amazed me. As above, it doesn't work as well once the stain is old, but it works pretty freaking well.

Fudd's First Law of Opposition: "Push something hard enough and it will fall over."

1+1=2

Lex Luthor stole 40 cakes. That's as many as four tens. And that's terrible.

Take a low-ball glass and fill it 3/4 full with ice cubes. Using a teaspoon like you have in the kitchen drawer to stir your tea with, fish four green olives out of a jar (no juice.) Stick these olives on a toothpick and put them in the glass. Dip one full teaspoon of olive juice out of the jar and put that into the glass. Now set the teaspoon on the ice cubes in the glass, resting the handle of the spoon on the edge of the glass in such a way that you can pour vermouth into the teaspoon. Measure a scant 1/2 teaspoon of vermouth into the teaspoon resting in the glass. Leaving the spoon alone, pour 3oz or so of good gin the glass (juniper, not lemony types of gin please.) A splash of water and a good stir and Bob's yer uncle.

Lather, rinse and repeat.

Used motor oil in your molotov cocktails makes them "stick" better.

How to color line drawings in Photoshop.

1. Start with a black and white digitized line drawing. The higher in contrast and less compressed it is, the better. Crappy artifacted JPG files won't work.

2. Open it in photoshop. Any version 7 or above (like CS) will do.

3. Duplicate the drawing by creating another layer from it. Open the LAYERS palette if it isn't open already (Window > Layers), and right click on the layer that contains the drawing (there should be only one). A menu should pop up, choose "duplicate layer" from that menu. The layer you are working on will always be highlighted, the other layers will be clear.

3a. A little bit about Layers in Photoshop... layers read from bottom to top like a stack of books or papers on a desktop with the top layer being "closest" to you. You can do things to artwork on a layer that will not change anything on the layers above or below it, and even throw it away if you want.

4. There should now be two layers in the LAYERS palette. Left click once on the lower layer and then click on the flyout menu at the top right corner of the LAYERS Palette. Choose "New Layer" (or shift+ctrl+N on the PC) and you will see a new layer pop up between the original layer and the one you duplicated from it. This is the layer you will be coloring on, but you can put as many layers in that gap as you like if you want to keep the colors you use separate... just remember - .things you draw on higher layers will cover things you drew on lower layers. Not overwrite, just cover.

5. Go back to the top layer (the one you duplicated from the original drawing) and left click once to choose it (it will now be highlighted). There should be a drop down menu at the upper left, usually set to "NORMAL". Click the down arrow to expand that menu, then choose the "MULTIPLY" option. This renders the white portions of the duplicate layer transparent while letting the black lines remain opaque.

6. Save the file NOW.

7. Now choose the next layer down, the one you added in the middle, and start coloring. You will notice that unlike using the paint bucket or brush tools, the colors you use will blend seamlessly with the black lines in the original artwork, with no jaggies, pixelation or artifacts. If you want to add layers for shading, highlights and shadows you can do it now, remembering that these things go on top of the original flat coloring so their layers need to be higher in the stack. This will help you later if you need to undo anything that you've done.

Take about a kilo of Seville oranges (10-12 oranges), juice them, and store the juice in a large saucepan. Then carefully trim away the pith from the orange peel and put it aside with the orange pips. Slice the peel thinly and put it into the saucepan with the juice. Do the same with three lemons (I know this is tedious. Bear with me). Wrap the pith, pips and any pulp in a muslin bag with about an ounce of peeled, chopped root ginger (a clean new dishcloth will do in a pinch). Place it in the saucepan with 2 litres of water. Boil until the shredded peel is tender (an hour to an hour and half). Remove and discard the contents of the muslin bag, having first squeezed out the juices. Add 2,5 kilos of sugar (jam making sugar with pectin if you're a wuss) and 250g of finely chopped crystallised ginger. Bring to the boil. Boil until it reaches the setting point (you are a little low on sugar, so this will take a little while). The setting point is when a few drops of the mixture, dropped onto a chilled saucer, wrinkles when you run a finger through it. Add whiskey to taste - 60ml to 100ml should do it. Ladle into recycled jam jars and top with waxed paper. Put the lid on and tighten while the marmalade is still hot.

Congratulations, you have made Wicked Kitty's very bitter very tawney ginger whiskey marmalade. It rocks.

SFSailor: That was one of the most interesting things I've ever read on the Internet, even though I knew much of it already. Thank you for creating and posting that. Awesome.

Aw, thank you! I'm glad you like it. It's come in handy, especially during the Fukushima mess.

Greedily, I'm'a suggest: How about adding a chunk about pebble bed reactors and/or other modern / "safer" designs?

Here's the link again (new window), in case any readers were on the fence about reading it, and would have to scroll back to find it. No excuses now.

If I was to add on, I would explain the differences between contamination and radiation. I may yet do that. I'm just not real motivated.

And Pebble Bed?



Please, do your research. We are JUST coming into Generation III+ and what you know as "Pebble Bed" is old technology and the few that exist are either being shut down permanently, or already are. They simply do NOT pay for themselves, and there is NO way to recycle the fuel!
Plus there's the whole graphite problem. Graphite is banned in reactor designs in the United States because Chernobyl.
If you want to look at upcoming designs you need to read about the Westinghouse AP1000, because it was approved by the NRC last month and they're about to give licenses to two plants in the United States to build new reactors. Also out there is the Areva EPR, and the ABWR.

/we don't like shoving a flammable carcinogen in our high pressure, high heat environments
//call us crazy