| Say goodbye to Jared and those hot chicks with badly Photoshopped bodies on the Hydroxy Cut commercials (consumerist.com) | 359 |
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more» | | harryasaboy | 2009-03-23 02:20:59 PM |
| IrateShadow
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2009-03-23 02:29:21 PM |
| mattharvest
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2009-03-23 02:29:31 PM |
| Nabb1
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2009-03-23 02:39:33 PM |
| benlonghair
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2009-03-23 02:40:19 PM |
| The Fourth Karamazov
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2009-03-23 02:42:43 PM |
| question_dj
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2009-03-23 02:43:04 PM |
| SpinStopper
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2009-03-23 02:46:58 PM |
| RoxtarRyan
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2009-03-23 02:48:52 PM |
| DrySocket
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2009-03-23 02:49:22 PM |
| mattharvest
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2009-03-23 03:04:36 PM |
| question_dj
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2009-03-23 03:07:17 PM |
| The Onanist | 2009-03-23 03:12:24 PM |
| Ennuipoet
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2009-03-23 03:13:36 PM |
| question_dj
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2009-03-23 03:13:47 PM |
| WhoGAS | 2009-03-23 03:13:58 PM |
| rcain
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2009-03-23 03:15:39 PM |
| albo
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2009-03-23 03:16:20 PM |
| Dr.Knockboots
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2009-03-23 03:18:16 PM |
| xanadian
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2009-03-23 03:20:21 PM |
| question_dj
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2009-03-23 03:24:17 PM |
| The Onanist | 2009-03-23 03:25:22 PM |
| Da Bum
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2009-03-23 03:27:50 PM |
| NikolaiFarkoff
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2009-03-23 03:29:05 PM |
| question_dj
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2009-03-23 03:35:08 PM |
| question_dj
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2009-03-23 03:36:02 PM |
| Flab
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2009-03-23 03:39:38 PM |
| question_dj
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2009-03-23 03:44:10 PM |
| albo
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2009-03-23 03:51:43 PM |
| Dr. Rosenrosen | 2009-03-23 03:54:53 PM |
| Flab
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2009-03-23 04:04:05 PM |
Active persons ingest protein supplements primarily to promote muscle strength, function, and possibly size. Currently, it is not possible to form a consensus position regarding the benefit of protein or amino acid supplements in exercise training. Determination of whether supplements are beneficial has been hampered by the failure to select appropriate endpoints for evaluation of a positive effect. Furthermore, studies focused at a more basic level have failed to agree on the response of protein metabolism to exercise. An additional complication of dietary studies that is not often taken into account is amount of energy intake. Because of these and other complications, studies at the whole body level have not yielded a clear picture of the need for, or response to, dietary protein or amino acid supplements. Consequently, it is necessary to examine this issue at the tissue level. In untrained subjects, both muscle protein breakdown and synthesis are increased in response to exercise. Amino acid intake further stimulates muscle protein synthesis after exercise as a consequence of stimulating amino acid transport into the intramuscular compartment. The stimulatory effect of amino acids after exercise is greater than the effect of amino acids on muscle protein synthesis when given at rest. These data suggest that not only may the exact composition and amount of an amino acid supplement be important, but the timing of ingestion of the supplement in relation to the exercise must be considered in designing future studies to evaluate the efficacy of amino acid supplements.
Although nutritional supplements purported to increase muscle mass are widely available at health food stores, gyms, by mail order, and over the Internet, many of these supplements have little or no data to support their claims. This article reviews the theory and research behind popular nutritional supplements commonly marketed as muscle mass builders. Included are the minerals chromium, vanadyl sulfate, and boron, the steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), beta-methyl-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), creatine, protein supplements, and amino acids. Research has shown that chromium, vanadyl sulfate, and boron do not appear to be effective in increasing lean body mass. The few studies examining DHEA have not supported the claim of increased muscle gain. Preliminary work on HMB supports an anticatabolic effect, but only one human study is currently available. Many studies reported increased body mass and several have reported increased lean body mass following creatine ingestion. This weight gain is most likely water retention in muscle but could also be due to some new muscle protein. Although athletes have a greater protein requirement than sedentary individuals, this is easily obtained through the diet, negating the use of protein supplements. Studies on amino acids have not supported their claim to increase growth hormone or insulin secretion. Nutritional supplements can be marketed without FDA approval of safety or effectiveness. Athletes who choose to ingest these supplements should be concerned with unsubstantiated claims, questionable quality control, and safety of long-term use.
| NikolaiFarkoff
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2009-03-23 04:30:00 PM |
| Broadcastdave
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2009-03-23 04:34:13 PM |
| Flab
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2009-03-23 04:36:19 PM |
| Broadcastdave
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2009-03-23 04:40:58 PM |
| zpb52 | 2009-03-23 04:43:40 PM |
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| BKITU
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2009-03-23 05:25:16 PM |
| Flab
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2009-03-23 05:35:59 PM |
| tuna fingers
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2009-03-23 06:35:36 PM |
| The_Sponge
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2009-03-23 06:36:16 PM |
| studebaker hoch
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2009-03-23 06:37:51 PM |
| mistervague | 2009-03-23 06:38:10 PM |
| The_Sponge
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2009-03-23 06:38:23 PM |
| wydok | 2009-03-23 06:39:32 PM |
| tdpatriots12 | 2009-03-23 06:40:03 PM |
| The_Sponge
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2009-03-23 06:40:38 PM |
| tsferg | 2009-03-23 06:41:28 PM |
| Itsallaboutme
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2009-03-23 06:41:32 PM |
| Beeblebrox | 2009-03-23 06:43:01 PM |
| Der Vassermeister | 2009-03-23 06:44:18 PM |